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Compare Comoros (2002) - Baker Island (2002)

Compare Comoros (2002) z Baker Island (2002)

 Comoros (2002)Baker Island (2002)
 ComorosBaker Island
Administrative divisions 3 islands; Grande Comore (Njazidja), Anjouan (Nzwani), and Moheli (Mwali); note - there are also four municipalities named Domoni, Fomboni, Moroni, and Moutsamoudou -
Age structure 0-14 years: 42.9% (male 132,013; female 131,282)


15-64 years: 54.2% (male 164,245; female 168,793)


65 years and over: 2.9% (male 8,588; female 9,461) (2002 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, copra, coconuts, bananas, cassava (tapioca) -
Airports 4 (2001) 1 abandoned World War II runway of 1,665 m, completely covered with vegetation and unusable
Airports - with paved runways total: 4


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2002)		 -
Area total: 2,170 sq km


land: 2,170 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 1.4 sq km


land: 1.4 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC about 2.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background Unstable Comoros has endured 19 coups or attempted coups since gaining independence from France in 1975. In 1997, the islands of Anjouan and Moheli declared their independence from Comoros. In 1999, military chief Col. AZALI seized power. He has pledged to resolve the secessionist crisis through a confederal arrangement named the 2000 Fomboni Accord. In December 2001, voters approved a new constitution and presidential elections took place in the spring of 2002. The US took possession of the island in 1857, and its guano deposits were mined by US and British companies during the second half of the 19th century. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization was begun on this island - as well as on nearby Howland Island - but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. Presently the island is a National Wildlife Refuge run by the US Department of the Interior; a day beacon is situated near the middle of the west coast.
Birth rate 39.01 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Budget revenues: $27.6 million


expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)		 -
Capital Moroni -
Climate tropical marine; rainy season (November to May) equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
Coastline 340 km 4.8 km
Constitution 23 December 2001


note: a Transitional National Unity Government (GUNT) was formed on 20 January 2002 following the passing of the new constitution; the GUNT governed until the presidential elections on 14 April 2002		 -
Country name conventional long form: Union of the Comoros


conventional short form: Comoros


local long form: Union des Comores


local short form: Comores		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Baker Island
Currency Comoran franc (KMF) -
Death rate 9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Debt - external $225 million -
Dependency status - unincorporated territory of the US; administered from Washington, DC, by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Comoros; the ambassador to Mauritius is accredited to Comoros -
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador-designate Ahmed DJABIR (ambassador to the US and Canada and permanent representative to the UN)


chancery: (temporary) care of the Permanent Mission of the Federal and Islamic Republic of the Comoros to the United Nations, 420 East 50th Street, New York, NY 10022


telephone: [1] (212) 972-8010 and 223-2711


FAX: [1] (212) 983-4712 and 715-0699		 -
Disputes - international claims French-administered Mayotte; the island of Anjouan (Nzwani) has moved to secede from Comoros again after recent military coup none
Economic aid - recipient $10 million (2001 est.) -
Economy - overview One of the world's poorest countries, Comoros is made up of three islands that have inadequate transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity, high unemployment, and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, contributes 40% to GDP, employs 80% of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. The country is not self-sufficient in food production; rice, the main staple, accounts for the bulk of imports. The government is struggling to upgrade education and technical training, to privatize commercial and industrial enterprises, to improve health services, to diversify exports, to promote tourism, and to reduce the high population growth rate. Increased foreign support is essential if the goal of 4% annual GDP growth is to be met. Remittances from 150,000 Comorans abroad help supplement GDP. no economic activity
Electricity - consumption 17.67 million kWh (2000) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production 19 million kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 89%


hydro: 11%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Le Kartala 2,360 m		 lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 8 m
Environment - current issues soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation no natural fresh water resources
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements		 -
Ethnic groups Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava -
Exchange rates Comoran francs per US dollar - 557.09 (January 2002), 549.78 (2001), 533.98 (2000), 461.77 (1999), 442.46 (1998), 437.75 (1997)


note: prior to January 1999, the official rate was pegged to the French franc at 75 Comoran francs per French franc; since 1 January 1999, the Comoran franc is pegged to the euro at a rate of 491.9677 Comoran francs per euro		 -
Executive branch chief of state: President AZALI Assoumani (since 26 May 2002); note - AZALI Assoumani became president on 6 May 1999 after a bloodless coup on 30 April 1999; on 16 January 2002, President AZALI resigned his position to run in the 14 April 2002 presidential elections; during that time, Prime Minister Hamada Madi BOLERO served as interim president; AZALI Assoumani sworn in as president on 26 May 2002


head of government: Prime Minister Hamada Madi BOLERO (since NA November 2000); note - on 16 January 2002, President AZALI resigned his position to run in the 14 April 2002 presidential elections; Prime Minister Hamada Madi BOLERO was appointed interim president and Djaffar SALIM interim deputy prime minister


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 April 2002 (next to be held NA April 2007); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: President AZALI Assoumani elected president with 75% of the vote		 -
Exports $35.3 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) -
Exports - commodities vanilla, ylang-ylang, cloves, perfume oil, copra -
Exports - partners France 46%, US 18%, Singapore 18%, Germany 9% (1999) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description four equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), white, red, and blue with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist; centered within the triangle is a white crescent with the convex side facing the hoist and four white, five-pointed stars placed vertically in a line between the points of the crescent; the horizontal bands and the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mayotte (a territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros); the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam the flag of the US is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $424 million (2001 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 40%


industry: 4%


services: 56% (2001 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $710 (2001 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 1% (2001 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 12 10 S, 44 15 E 0 13 N, 176 31 W
Geography - note important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel treeless, sparse, and scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife
Highways total: 880 km


paved: 673 km


unpaved: 207 km (1996)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Imports $44.9 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) -
Imports - commodities rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods; petroleum products, cement, transport equipment -
Imports - partners France 34%, South Africa 14%, Kenya 7%, Pakistan 4% (1999) -
Independence 6 July 1975 (from France) -
Industrial production growth rate -2% (1999 est.) -
Industries tourism, perfume distillation -
Infant mortality rate 81.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.5% (2001 est.) -
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, CCC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTrO (applicant) -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by the president, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one elected by the Council of each island, and others are former presidents of the republic) -
Labor force 144,500 (1996 est.) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 80% -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 34.98%


permanent crops: 17.94%


other: 47.08% (1998 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic) -
Legal system French and Muslim law in a new consolidated code the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch bicameral legislature consists of the Senate (15 seats - five from each island); members selected by regional councils for six-year terms) and a Federal Assembly or Assemblee Federale (42 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - the Federal Assembly was dissolved following the coup of 30 April 1999


elections: Federal Assembly - last held 1 and 8 December 1996 (next to be held NA April 2003)


election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RND 39, FNJ 3, independent 1


note: the constitution stipulates that only parties that win six seats in the Federal Assembly (two from each island) are permitted to be in the opposition, but if no party accomplishes that, the second most successful party will be in the opposition; in the elections of December 1996 the FNJ appeared to qualify as opposition		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 60.79 years


male: 58.56 years


female: 63.09 years (2002 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 57.3%


male: 64.2%


female: 50.4% (1995 est.)		 -
Location Southern Africa, group of islands in the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and Australia
Map references Africa Oceania
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 139,779 GRT/205,369 DWT


ships by type: cargo 6


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Malta 1, Pakistan 1, Turkey 1 (2002 est.)		 -
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard
Military branches Comoran Security Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $6 million (FY01) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3% (FY01) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 145,509 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 86,455 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 6 July (1975) -
Nationality noun: Comoran(s)


adjective: Comoran		 -
Natural hazards cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources NEGL guano (deposits worked until 1891), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Net migration rate NEGL migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Front National pour la Justice or FNJ (Islamic party in opposition) [Ahmed Abdallah MOHAMED, Ahmed ABOUBACAR, Soidiki M'BAPANOZA]; Rassemblement National pour le Development or RND (party of the government) [Ali Bazi SELIM] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 614,382 (July 2002 est.) uninhabited


note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and remnants of structures from early settlement are located near the middle of the west coast; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 60% (2001 est.) -
Population growth rate 2.99% (2002 est.) -
Ports and harbors Fomboni, Moroni, Moutsamoudou none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001) -
Radios 90,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Sunni Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: sparse system of microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communication stations


domestic: HF radiotelephone communications and microwave radio relay


international: HF radiotelephone communications to Madagascar and Reunion		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 7,000 (2000) -
Telephones - mobile cellular NA -
Television broadcast stations NA -
Terrain volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef
Total fertility rate 5.26 children born/woman (2002 est.) -
Transportation - note - there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast
Unemployment rate 20% (1996 est.) -
Waterways none none
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